Concrete is a sturdy, long-lasting material that's used in many locations and applications, including sidewalks, driveways, flooring, and patios. However, despite the strength that concrete is known for, it can still become damaged over time from weather, water, and other elements. That's where sealants can really come in handy.

Sealants protect concrete by filling in the pores on its surface, which gives it a water-repellent quality, and prevents debris and other harmful substances from penetrating the material. With so many different types of sealants available in today's market, though, it's hard to be sure of which one is the best option for your concrete surface.

This guide will help you understand the different types of concrete sealants and how to choose the right option.

Why Does Concrete Need Sealing?

Before we go over the various types of sealants, let's take a look at why it's important to seal concrete in the first place. Concrete is a rather porous material, which means that it has tiny holes in its surface that can let in water, dirt, and other materials. Over time, this can lead to the concrete cracking, chipping, or becoming discolored. By sealing concrete slabs, you can:

• Prevent Water Damage: When water seeps into the pores of concrete, it can cause the material to expand and contract as the temperature changes. This can lead to cracks and other damage. Sealants create a barrier that keeps water out and maintains the integrity of the slab.
• Reduce Stains: Concrete can easily absorb spills and stains from oil, grease, and other substances. A sealant makes it easier to clean up spills and prevents stains from penetrating deeper into the concrete.
• Improve Appearance: Sealants can enhance the color and texture of concrete, which gives it a fresh and polished look.
• Ensure Longevity: By protecting concrete from damage, sealants can help it last longer, which can save you money on repairs and replacements.

Types of Concrete Sealants

There are several types of concrete sealants available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are the most common types:

Acrylic Sealers

Acrylic sealers are a popular option because they're easy to apply to concrete and they dry quickly. These sealers form a thin, yet highly-protective layer on the surface of the concrete, which makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use (even on stamped concrete). Among acrylic concrete sealers, there are two main types, water-based sealers and solvent-based sealers.

Water-based acrylic sealers are relatively eco-friendly and they don't produce a very pungent odor. They add a clear, high gloss finish that can freshen up the natural look of a concrete floor or driveway. They are ideal for indoor applications like basements and garages.

Solvent-based acrylic sealers also provide a glossy finish that improves the color and texture of concrete. However, they are more durable than water-based sealers and tend to be great for outdoor use, such as on driveways and patios. They do put off a strong odor, though, so they need to be applied in well-ventilated areas.

Pros:

• Easy to apply
• Quick drying time
• Aesthetic enhancement

Cons:

• May require frequent reapplication
• Solvent-based sealers have a strong odor

Epoxy Sealers

Epoxy sealants have a reputation for being durable and possessing strong adhesive properties. They form a much thicker protective layer than acrylics, which makes them a considerable choice for high-traffic areas as well as industrial locations. Epoxy sealants are available in both clear and colored options.

Pros:

• Extremely durable
• Resistant to chemicals and stains
• Available in various colors

Cons:

• Longer drying time
• More difficult to apply than acrylic sealers
• Can become slippery when wet

Polyurethane Sealers

Polyurethane sealers are similar to epoxy sealers when it comes to their durability, but this option offers better resistance to the sun's harmful rays. This makes them a good idea for outdoor concrete slabs. This type of sealer is available in both water-based and solvent-based formulas, much like their acrylic counterparts. This sealant option also provides a sleek, glossy finish.

Pros:

• Durable and long-lasting
• UV resistant
• Enhances the look of concrete surfaces

Cons:

• More expensive than acrylic sealers
• Longer drying time
• Can be slippery when wet

Penetrating Sealers

Penetrating concrete sealers are a little different than acrylic, epoxy, and polyurethane options. Rather than forming a protective layer on the surface of a concrete slab, this product seeps into the pores of the material and creates a strong chemical barrier from within. This feature makes polyurethane sealants incredibly effective at preventing stains and water penetration to maintain the natural appearance of concrete floors and driveways.

There are several types of penetrating sealers, including silane, siloxane, and siliconate sealers. Each has its own benefits, but they all provide excellent protection against water and stains.

Pros:

• Long-lasting protection
• Maintain the natural look of concrete
• Highly resistant to water and stain damage

Cons:

• Can be more expensive than other sealers
• May require multiple applications for the best results

Choosing the Best Sealant for a Concrete Driveway

So, what is the best sealant for concrete? To answer that question and choose the best sealant for your concrete project, it's important to consider the finer details surrounding what you need.

For example, location plays a key role in determining what sort of sealant you'll need. Is your concrete slab indoors or outdoors? For an indoor project, a water-based acrylic sealer might be the best choice. For an outdoor project, such as pool decks and decorative concrete paths, consider a solvent-based acrylic, epoxy, or polyurethane sealer.

You'll also need to think about how much foot or vehicle traffic your concrete slab will be exposed to. For a high-traffic area, such as industrial floors, or patios, epoxy or polyurethane sealers are a good idea due to how durable they are.

While you want something that will last, it's also wise to think about how you want your concrete to look. Do you want a glossy finish or a matte finish? Acrylic and polyurethane sealers can provide a glossy finish, while water-based acrylic sealers offer more of a matte look. Even still, penetrating sealers maintain the natural appearance of the concrete.

The cost of concrete sealers are key deciding factors for many who want to add them to their surfaces. How much are you willing to invest in this project? Acrylic sealers tend to be the most affordable option, while epoxy and polyurethane sealants are more on the expensive side. Penetrating sealers can also be costly but provide long-lasting protection.

How to Apply Concrete Driveway Sealers

Many people choose to have their concrete sealed professionally in order to ensure the best possible results. However, it's quite possible to seal your concrete on your own. Applying concrete sealant is a pretty straightforward process, but it's important to follow the correct steps.

Here are the basics when it comes to applying your own concrete sealant:

• Clean the Surface: Before applying the sealant, make sure that your concrete surface is clean and free of dirt, dust, and stains. Any sort of debris will likely interfere with the smoothness of your sealant layer.

• Repair Cracks: If there are any cracks or chips in the concrete, repair them with a concrete patching compound. Then, allow the repairs to dry completely before applying the sealant.

• Choose the Right Day: Apply the sealant on a dry, wind-free day. The temperature should be between 50°F and 90°F for the best results.

• Apply the Sealant: Use a roller or a sprayer to apply the sealant evenly across the surface of your concrete slab. Carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions for the recommended thickness and drying time.

• Allow to Dry: Let the sealant dry completely before walking or driving on the concrete. This can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days, depending on the type of sealant used.

• Reapply (if Necessary): Some sealants may require a second coat for optimal protection. Check the manufacturer's instructions and reapply if needed.

Maintaining Sealed Concrete

Once you've decided on a product and applied it to your concrete surfaces, you'll want to take steps to protect your investment and keep your concrete looking its best.

Regularly clean your concrete surfaces by sweeping or washing with a hose or mop to remove dirt and debris. When cleaning your concrete slabs, use mild cleaners to keep from damaging the sealant layer. Harsh chemical products can break down the sealant's protective barrier over time.

If you notice any cracks or chips in your concrete sealant, repair them as quickly as you can to prevent the damage from spreading.

Occasionally, you may need to reapply your sealant every 1-3 years as well, especially if you went with a more cost-effective option. Check the manufacturer's recommendations for reapplication intervals, or simply reapply your sealant if you've noticed significant wear and tear.

Generally, though, your concrete sealant should last you quite a while and remain in excellent condition with only minimal to moderate maintenance required on your part.

Choosing the best sealant option for your concrete project depends on several key factors, including the location, traffic amount, appearance you're going for, and budgetary limitations. Acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane, and penetrating sealers have their own unique advantages and disadvantages, so take your time when researching your options. By understanding the main differences between your options and following proper application and maintenance procedures, you can keep your concrete surfaces protected and looking great for years to come.

For more on sealant options, check out Silicone Depot. Visit our blog or take a look at the array of sealant products we carry.